Oil-burner.



A. H. LIGHT.

OIL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 12;, 1908.

Patented July 13, 1909.

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OIL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.13,1908.

Patented July 13, 1909. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

I vmeutoz UNTTED %TATE% ARTHUR H. LIGHT, OF LAMAR, COLORADO.

OIL-BURNER.

To all 207mm it w'zag concern:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR H. TJIG'TIT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lamar, in the county of Prowers and State of Colorado, have invented a new and useful Oil-Burner, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to fuel oil burners, used to distribute oil fuel in a furnace and has for its object to provide an oil burner by means of which the oil may be distributed in a perfectly uniform manner to every portion of the furnace, said uniform distribution allowing of a more perfect combination of the carbon and oxygen elements, with a much less excess of the latter passing through the furnace.

Another object of the invention is to ob tain a more perfect atomization of the oil, and thereby decrease deposit of soot, (or unburned particles of carbon) upon the heating surfaces.

Another object of the invention is to provide a burner in which the steam used for atomizing the oil, is used with greater elliciency and consequently a less amount is required per unit of oil atomized.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved oil burner by means of which the intensity of fire is more readily controlled.

The uniform distribution of oil, and less excess of air passing through the furnace, witi the more perfect atomizing of oil and consequent cleaner heating surfaces, are conducive of a higher furnace temperature and much increased efficiency.

I obtain these objects by utilizing a single burner centrally located in the furnace and designed to distribute oil in a perfectly uniform manner to every portion of the furnace, instead of utilizing a number of burners discharging their contents into either end thereof.

The invention consists of a fuel oil burner and in certain details thereof as hereinafter set forth and claimed.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, in which similar parts are designated by like numerals of reference, Figure l is a view in elevation and vertical section of a fuel oil burner and its connection constructed in accordance with this invention. Fig. 2, a horizontal section through the mixing chamber, this section being taken on an irregular line extending through all the horizontal ports.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed March 13, 1908.

Patented July 18, 1909. Serial No. 420,931.

l Fig. 3 is a side view, showing the fuel oil ,lbnrner located in the furnace of a 'water '1 tube boiler, the furnace being shown in ver- 1 tical section. Fig. i is a detailed view of the feed screw and its lever arm.

The fuel oil burner consists of a mixing chamber ring 1, mounted on a suitable base 2, supported by standard 3.

l designates the body of the burner extending through the grate 41 of the furnace and consisting of a vertical shaft provided with an inner chamber or passage way, connecting at its lower end with the mixing chamber located in the ring 1, and constructed as hereinafter set forth. At the top or head of the burner and secured to the main portion 4 is a ring 5 held in place by bolts 5 and a cap 6 is connected to the upper end 9 of a rod 7 which is screwed into a socket 10 in the cap. The lower end of said rod 7 projects through the passage way in the upright portion land has a threaded portion 11 on which a nut 12 is mounted. This nut is loosely arranged in a lever arm 13 pivoted at 14 to a hanger or bracket 15 on the base 2. The outer end of this arm has a link 16 pivoted thereto as at 17 and pivotally connected to this link as at 18 is a rod 19 mounted to slide in a bracket 20. The rod 19 is operated by means of a lever handle 21 loosely hinged to the rod 19 at 22. The throw of the rod 19 may be limited by lock and jam nuts 23 and 24 thereon at opposite sides of the bracket 20, and when the device is adjusted to the minimum and maximum intensity of fire desired, lever handle 21 may be retained in such (or any intermediate) po- I sition by a lock wheel 25 connected thereto in any suitable manner. Arranged at the point of connection between rod 19 and link 16 is a roller 18 adapted to have its bearing and to move in a recess 18 The pipe 26 serves to introduce steam to the space 27 in the pipe 28, said spaee27 communicating with a port 29 opening into an annular port 30 located in the ring 1. This port 30 surrounds the mixing chamber and communicates therewith through ports 31 in which are located removable nozzles 31. The outer wall of the annular port 30 is provided with tapped holes 31 pluggei'l to allow of removal and renewal of the nozzles whenever the same becomes necessary.

32 designates the mixing chamber in which the steam and oil are mixed or atomized bei fore their passage to the furnace, said chamber being termed the cyclone mixing chamber since the action of the entering ets of steam causes a rapid rotation of the contents. The ports 31 are each formed with a narrow expanding passage way to allow of the steam attaining the very highest velocity in its escape through the same from the annular port 30 to the mixing chamber 32, the angle on which they pass through the wall being one which would be determined by the design of different burners. It will be noted that it is this manner of entering chamber 32 in jets which imparts rotative motion to the contents of said chamber.

The ports 31 are arranged at different elevations being preferably successively located slightly below, upon, and slightly above a predetermined horizontal plane.

An oil delivery pipe 33 is located in the center of steam pipe 28 and communicates with a port 34 which opens into an annular port 35 located in the ring 1 beneath the mixing chamber 32. This port 35 has an annular slot or opening 36 communicating with and permitting the oil to pass up into the bottom of the mixing chamber.

37 designates the passage way located in the upright portion 4 and opening at its lower end into the mixing chamber. This passage way communicates at its upper end through a passage 38 with a circular delivery space 39 between the ring 5 and the cap 6.

In Fig. 3 the burner is shown as projecting through the grate of a furnace and illustrates the manner in which the fuel oil is distributed from the center to every portion of the furnace in uniform amount.

The operation of the device is as follows: Steam enters from the pipe 26 and space surrounding oil pipe 33 through the port 29 to the annular port 30 and then through the expansion ports 31 to the mixing chamber 32, the difference in pressure being controlled by the amount of discharge opening into the furnace, that is to say, by means of the circular opening 39 regulated in size by the adjustment of the cap 6 to the ring 5. Increasing the size of said opening would cause the pressure to drop in the mixing chamber and more oil would flow in from the oil supply port directly underneath (oil being under a constant pressure from an oil pump); also the velocity of the entering jets of steam would increase. Oil enters through the pipe 33 and port 34 to the annular port 35 directly under the mixing chamber as stated and thence upward through the annular slot 36 into the said chamber where it is picked up by a ring of steam which, owing to the high velocity of the entering jets (theoretically from six hundred to a thousand feet per second), is rotating at several thousand rotations per minute. In addition to the high rotative speed there is a vortex motion within this ring of steam,

said motion being caused by the different elevations of the jets, one jet just clearing over or under the other, which is just the action necessary to thoroughly break up and atomize the entering oil.

The heavier particles of oil are held by centrifugal force to the outer circumference of the combining ring of steam and oil, and cannot attain the point of escape from the chamber (which is all around the inner circumference) of said. r tating ring of steam until very finely atomized. The steam pressure under practical operation, in chamber 32 would be about 50% of the boiler pres sure which would be maintained in port 30 surrounding said chamber because the steam valve would be wide open and the ports 31 (expansion ports) reduced to the smallest advisable diameter for a given size burner. The highest possible pressure is thus maintained in this port 30 without undue waste of steam. The pressure on the oil supply line is designed to be about 10 to 15 pounds above the pressure in the mixing chamber, a uniform pressure being maintained by the use of a pump governor on oil pump steam supply, not shown. It is this excess of pres sure that forces the oil into the said cham ber 32 and any change made in the pressure in this chamber by an adjustment of the cap 6 to the ring 5 will cause either more or less oil to enter. Thus an increase or decrease of the discharge opening between said ring and cap is all that is necessary in order to increase or decrease the intensity of the fire. This is very readily effected by simply moving the lever handle 21 located in front of each individual boiler. This will cause the link 16 and rod 19 to actuate the arm 13, the nut 12 on said arm operating to shift the rod 7 and the cap 6 carried thereby. This will obviously increase or lessen the size of the circular opening 39. "When the cap 6 is raised or lowered in this manner to any desired position it can be retained in place by the wheel 25. i-Vhenever necessary, the faces of the ring 5 and cap 6 can be turned up in a lathe and proper adjustment of the discharge opening therebetween may be at tained by lowering rod 7 by means of a wheel 40 on the threaded. portion thereof.

In order that the rod 19 may be yieldingly supported at all times, a sleeve 42, is mounted thereon, adjacent the link 16 and the said sleeve is connected to the pipe 28 or any other suitable structure by means of a spring 43. It is to be understood of course that any other suitable means may be utilized for holding the rod 19 at this point.

It will be seen from the foregoing description that by means of this invention a single burn er only is required per boiler and that by locating it in the center of the furnace, the oil fuel will be distributed. to every point therein in a uniform manner. it will also be seen that by means of such a mixing chamber where the oil and steam are brought into most intimate contact, the steam is used. to a much greater advantage in thoroughly breaking up (or atomizing) the oil and that in consequence less of the atomizing agent (steam) will be required. Also that owing to the im proved method of distribution, carbon (oil) will be present in every part of the area covered by the grate, (instead of being concenrated at one end as where the end method of distribution is utilized) and that the non-in fringement of the atoms of carbon while seeking for the requisite two atoms of oxygen necessary for a perfect combustion, will bring about a condition in which a very much less excess of the latter will be required for perfect combustion. A less amount of air is therefore required and the furnace temperature will be much increased and the heat that is usually wasted in heating said excess of air will be given to the water in the boiler instead.

WVhat is claimed is:

1. A burner comprising a mixing chamber, a tubular body extending therefrom and having an annular outlet, means for supplying a combustible fluid to the mixing chamber, and means in superposed parallel planes for directing an oxygen supplying fluid under pressure into and in a circular path within said chamber.

2. A burner comprising a mixing cham her, a tubular body extending therefrom and having an outlet, an adjustable cap for .regu lating the size of the outlet, said mixing chamber having annularly s aced ports opening thereinto at different 0 evations, means for directing oxygen supplying fluid under pressure into said ports, said ports cooperating with the cap to maintain the fluid within the mixing chamber at a reduced pressure, and means for directing a combustible fluid into the mixing chamber.

3. A burner comprising a mixing cham her, a tubular body extending therefrom, a ring upon the body, a cap adjustably mounted upon the body and cooperating with the ring to form a flat annular outlet, means for supplying combustible fluid to the mixing chamber, parallel, superposed means for directing an oxygen supplying fluid under pressure into said chamber to produce a whirling action ol the contents of said chamber, and means for adjusting the cap to regulate the pressure within the mixing chamber.

4. A burner comprising a ring having a mixing chamber therein provided with inlet ports disposed at different elevations and at angles to the radii intersecting said. ports, there being an annular port within the ring and opening into the first mentioned ports, means for directing an oxygen supplying fluid under pressure into said annular port, there being a second annular port within the g and opening into the mixing chamber, means for directing a combustible fluid into said second annular port, and a tubular body extending from the ring and opening .into the mixing chamber, said body having an outlet.

5. A burner comprising a ring having a mixing chamber therein provided with inlet ports disposed at different elevations and at angles to the radii intersecting said ports, there being an annular port within the ring and opening into the first mentioned ports, means for directing an oxygen supplying fluid under pressure into said annular port, there being a second annular port within the ring and opening into the mixing chamber, means for directing a combustible fluid into said second annular port, a tubular body ex tending from the ring and opening into the mixing chamber, a cap mounted upon the body and forming an annular outlet thereunder, and means for shifting said cap to vary the size of the outlet.

6. A burner comprising a mixing chamber, a tubular body extending therefrom and having an outlet end, a cap supported above said end and forming an annular outlet thereunder, separate means for directing combustible and oxygen supplying fluids into and in a circular path within the mixing chamber, an arm pivotally mounted adjacent the mixing chamber, a rod actuated thereby and connected to the cap, said rod being disposed within the body, a link carried by said arm, an anti-friction device carried by the link, manually operated means for shifting the link and anti-friction device, and a hearing in the path of the anti-friction device for deflecting said device and shifting the link and arm, said cap being movable with the arm.

7. An oil burner for furnaces and the like comprising a circular mixing chamber, there being an annular port encircling said chamher and communicating therewith through ports disposed at angles to the radii intersecting said ports, and a second annular port located beneath said chamber and communicating with the bottom portion thereof, said annular ports being disposed to respectively receive an oxygen sup )lying fluid under pressureand a combustible fluid, an upstanding tubular body extending from the mixing chamber, a head thereon, said head comprising a ring and an adjustable cap disposed thereabove and forming a circumferential disgharge opening, and means for adjusting the cap relatively to the ring, said means comprising a rod disposed longitudinally within the body portion, a lever, and mechrin anism actuated by the lever for shifting the rod longitudinally.

8. A burner comprising a mixing chamber having annularly spaced ports arranged in superposed parallel planes and opening into the mixing chamber, said ports being disposed at angles to the radii intersecting said ports, means for directing oxygen supplying fluid under pressure into said ports, an annular port in the bottom of the mixing chamber, and means -for directing a combustible fluid to said port and into the mixing ch amher.

9. A burner comprising a mixing chamber, said chamber having annularly spaced ports opening thereinto, said ports being dis osed in superposed parallel planes and at angles to the radii intersecting said ports, means for directing oxygen supplying fluid under pressure into said ports, said mixing chamber being provided in the bottom thereof with an annular inlet port, means for directing a combustible fluid to said port and into the mixing chamber, and a tubular body outstanding from the mixing chamber and constituting an outlet.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have hereto affixed my signature in the presence of two Witnesses.

ARTHUR H. LIGHT.

Witnesses:

F. W. SHIREMAN, FRANCES REINsoH. 

